Modernist Styles, Including Cubism, Orphism, and Futurism...

Modernist styles, including Cubism, Orphism, and Futurism challenged the practices of traditional representational art. I will argue that modernist styles including Cubism, Orphism and Futurism did challenge the practices of traditional representational art. While some may argue that that the fact that modern styles were concerned with subject gives doubt to how challenging they really were to representational art I oppose this idea entirely. All art is representational in some way. Rather than a dismissing the concept of representation in art the modernist styles challenged the validity of the external representation, which had previously been the foundation of art, by focussing on conceptual representation. Traditional†¦show more content†¦Initially the search for a new, more truthful pictorial space was found in the introduction of time, the fourth dimension, into space. Around this time in history the concept that space and time where interlinked was suggested by Einstein’s theory of relativity which destroyed the concept that the dimensions of an object were absolute, by demonstrating that they depended on the relative position of the viewer. This abstract concept was portrayed in Cubism through the use of synthesised impressions of an image or space. As you view an image or object, your impression is not static but a moving collection of impressions over time. The use of multiple viewpoints aimed to compress a multiplicity of information gathered from various experiences of an object into one image. This innovation of a truer space is most evidently portrayed by the analytic phase of Cubism. Through the incorporation of the new artistic conventions the fragmentation of form was developed. The intention was to encompass the entire visual experience of an object into one image and through this idea an effective technique of breaking up form into planes and facets which each expressed a sample of visual information. The Cubist works now possessed a shallow pictorial space due to the abandonment of perspective on which these

Business Plan UK Based Restaurant Burger and Shake

Question: Explain the major strategic issues in for the business. Answer: Introduction: Every company operates in the market based on certain specific strategies. These strategies depend greatly on the internal and external factors of the company. The task is to examine the recent trends of business activities and strategies of BHP Billiton. For the same purpose, it is important to understand the internal environment of the company along with the strategies that the company set for their business. An analysis of the internal and external environment of the company will be done along with the strategies planned by the company. Further, issues arising at the time of implementing the strategies will also be analyzed. Company overview: BHP Billiton is one the leading global resource company. The company is greatly committed to business values such as sustainability, integrity, performance, simplicity and accountability as well. The company is one of the largest producers of major commodities such as minerals like coal and uranium other conventional and non-conventional resources of energy such as oil and natural gas. The diversified nature of the business with low expenditure and tier one asset base helps the company in keeping a cash flow in its business. Its strong market position and steady financial position are the main strengths of the company, whereas intense competition and reduction in demand in major market such as China are regarded as the major threats for the country (Billiton.com). Internal environment analysis: Internal environment depends on the resources available for the company to operate in the market. An analysis of these resources is to be done here with context to BHP Billiton. Resources, capabilities and core competencies: Resources are the tangible and the intangible assets that a company has. It is related to both human resource and the materials available for the company. Capabilities are defined as the firms ability to integrate the resources of the firm and achieve the desired objectives. Core competencies are regarded as the values those are derived from the knowledge and not from the things. Since the company is it related to extraction of resources such as copper, bauxite, oil or gas. It does not require any kind of raw material but the main requirement is human labor and thus main resource is Human. The company has been working for a long time and has been operating in various businesses. The ability of carrying out the business activities in combination with the labor skills and raw materials shows core competencies of the company. VRIO: It is the acronym that stands for answering four questions in determining the competitive potential of a company. These are value, rarity, imitability and organization. Value: It is the ability of a company exploits the opportunities and defends against the threats of the market. When a company is not able to confront these situations, the company faces problems (Knott, 2015). In case of BHP Billiton, it can be said that in spite of such competition and threats in the market, the company has been able to tackle the situation. Rarity: Every business requires raw material to carry on with their work. Sometimes, the materials are rare in existence that creates a problem for the business. The materials required for BHP Billiton are not rare in nature but are available easily (Cardeal Antonio, 2012). Imitate: There is no scope for the company to imitate the products. Their job is to extract the minerals from the ore and other conventional or unconventional resources. Organization: The Company is highly organized and it is only on the basis of the organizational structure that the BHP Billiton is a successful company in its sector (Kim, Lee, Shin, 2015). Value Chain: Value chain is done by a company in which the company finds the primary and some supporting activities of the company which help the company to add value to its final product. These are basically done to decline the cost of the product that would ultimately result in increase in differentiation of the product. Checking the level of influence at every step of operation and then working accordingly is what is meant by margin in the value chain. It is one of the strategies undertaken by a company to utilize the most profitable product to improve their business (Antara Chor, 2015). In case of BHP Billiton, it can be said that producing commodities such as iron ore, copper, aluminum ore shows high quality growth opportunities for the company. Billiton gains maximum profit from their resource extracting business than other businesses and thus it can be said that the most valuable business of BHP is this one. Culture: Culture of a company includes its value, mission, beliefs and habits that the company follows in their work culture. Culture of a company makes it distinguished in its operating sector. When a company is supported with good culture, the employees working in the company get a particular platform to conduct their duty (Lestari, Ismail Mansur, 2014). The mission as set out by Billiton is to use the diversification of the business in the market and gains maximum profit. This helps them to attract high caliber people who are more committed to the success of the organization (Adkins et al., 2013). As opined by Schmeck, (2013), that the culture of a business organization is similar to a iceberg floating in the ocean. Just as in an iceberg only one-third part is visible and the rest part is below the water; culture of an organization is similar, some perspectives of the companys culture is visible and the rest remain invisible to others. Success of an organization depends greatly on the hidden culture of a company. BHP Billiton follows a new streamlined corporate structure in their recent expansion in the gulf streams. The company believes in developing the skills and capabilities of the employees. This is the most committed aspect of the company that differentiates it from the other companies (Fullan, 2014). They believe in safe productivity and simplification in their work. Great care are taken for the employees working for the company Safe productivity: Since people have to work under great pressure for the sake of doing their work, it automatically becomes a priority for the company to take care of the employees and the workers. Availability of medical help and other assistance for the workers on site is an initiative from the side of the company. Simplification in work: When there remains simplicity in the work, it also becomes favorable for employees to work for the company. Billiton keeps great focus in making the work for the employees simpler (Giannoni, 2014). The employees are given proper training and skill tests are done at a regular basis just to improve the performance of the employees. Capital discipline: A disciplined capital structure is also followed by the company that makes it a great platform for the employees to work for this company. There has been 10% growth in their current annual production. Regular flow of cash from the various business profiles has helped the company to meet the operation of the company without any kind of hindrance. Strategic issues in the business: The strategy of the company is based on diversification in their commodity, geography and market as well. BHP Billiton believes in satisfying the need of the customers. Their focus remains on quality of product and serving people with proper materials. The company is proud of their unchanged strategy of owning and operating such a big company. Low cost, expandable, diversification in terms of commodity and market gives them the ability to expand their business In the contemporary situation, the company is facing certain strategic issues due to uncertainty of the market situation. There has been continuous decline in demand in the market and on the other hand the cost of the raw materials is increasing. Some of the issues can be highlighted as below: Reduction in unit cost: There has been reduction in per unit labor cost in the market, as a result of which the company faced certain issues in their strategy regarding appointing labors (Siva et al., 2015). Continued optimization has reduced expected share: There has been increase in number of competitors in the market. As a result of which, there has been reduction in the expected market share. Market volatility: The standard return of the products is not up to mark. The expenses that the company is providing in the process of extraction of minerals and other resources are not meeting with the exchange amount received by the company (Harrell, 2015). In case, the company is not able to meet the desired result in their marginal profit. Geopolitical instability: Continuous chaos and instability in the governmental structure is harming the operation of the companies in the market. This creates a great issue in following the strategies set by the company. The above mentioned issues are related to each other and they are acting as the major deficit for the company to operate with better result. Conclusion: It is their capability to work as teams that result in success of their company. Their effort in creating equality and embracing trust and openness among the employees is what makes them capable to hold the position where they are today. It can be said that it is the culture of the organization and the strategies implemented by the company differentiate the company from the other existing companies in the market. Reference list: Adkins, C. L., Samaras, S. A., Gilfillan, S. W., McWee, W. E. (2013). The Relationship between Owner Characteristics, Company Size, and the WorkFamily Culture and Policies of Women Owned Businesses.Journal of Small Business Management,51(2), 196-214. Antrs, P., Chor, D. (2013). Organizing the global value chain.Econometrica,81(6), 2127-2204. BHP Billiton. (2016).Bhpbilliton.com. Retrieved 23 May 2016, fromhttps://www.bhpbilliton.com/ Bhpbilliton.com Available at: www.bhpbilliton.com/ [Retrieved on 20th May 2016] Cardeal, N., Antonio, N. S. (2012). Valuable, rare, inimitable resources and organization (VRIO) resources or valuable, rare, inimitable resources (VRI) capabilities: What leads to competitive advantage?.Cardeal, N., Antnio, (2012), 10159-10170. Fullan, M. (2014).Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Giannoni, G. (2014). Alan Mulallys secrets of success at Ford: how changing the corporate culture saved the company.Kindle e-book. Retrieved from amazon. com. Harrell, F. (2015).Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis. Springer. Kim, S. C., Lee, J. S., Shin, K. I. (2015). The impact of project management assets on the VRIO characteristics of PM process for competitive advantage.International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,15(2), 153-168. Knott, P. J. (2015). Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firms resources?.Management Decision,53(8), 1806-1822. Lestari, H., Ismail, R., Mansur, A. (2014, April). Organizational Culture in Manufacturing Company: Study Case of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Central Java, Indonesia. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 493, pp. 486-491). Ragin, C. C. (2014).The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. Univ of California Press. Schmeck, R. R. (Ed.). (2013).Learning strategies and learning styles. Springer Science Business Media. Siva Balan, K. C., Swaminathan, B., Hughes, J. D. A., Kasemsap, P., Dasgupta, S., Dutta, O. P., ... Chantrasmi, V. (2015). Farm profitability and value chain management of tomato growers: a case study from India.

Simple as Possible Essay Example For Students

Simple as Possible Essay topic:Anyone can make things bigger and more complex.What requires realeffort and courage is to move in the opposite diretionin other words,tomake things as simple as possible. To make things simple means to have the profound understanding of the wholematter,to discriminate between essence and peripherals,and ultimately torefine piles of information and phenomenon into principles.For instance,ifnot for the theory of relativity,Einstein would not been venerated by thewhole world.The simple fomulation e=m(c^2)looking so easy andunderstandable ,however,is the very core of the theory ofrelativity.See,for every scintific system and classic principles,tens ofthousands of information,data,caculation,and phenomena lies behidethem.Faced with piles of such things,the great scientists who devoteprecious time and labor pick up the essence and damp the others.Just likesifting gold from mountains of sand.The gold is sifted principles and thesand is the phenomena, however,the process of systematical is never a easyjob. More surprising is that simplication even requires courage and patience aswell.At least three facts are involves.Firstly the diversifiedideas,phenomenon, information,data and presumptions all togother will be anightmare to one who attempts to work out something clear and logical. Secondly,not every one facing so many such things is confident enough togarantee gold could be sifted out. The more challege is that whoprepareto simply things are always in risk of total lose, because any newdiscovery conflicting their theory,once testified,will probally nullifytheir efforts.So,anyone who is will to devote to the process ofsimplification not only needs the talence,but also courage and patience. As we all know,to make things as simple as possible is veryimportant.However,it is not always the case.Sometimes we DO NEED to makethings bigger and more complex.For instance,to build up a database incomputer,such as the national demographic database,it should be as thoroughand complete as possible.The bigger the database is,the more helpful willit be.At the same time,the design of the stuctrue of the database should beas simple as possible.The function of software developed to utilize thedatabase should be as complex and versatile as possible,since everyoperator would expect it to be as easy as possible to use. Every ramification of science and technology is similar to that procedureof the example above.The first step is to accumulate as much observation aspossible with endeavors,and then with hard working of reasoning,maybeadding a little inspiration.Laws and rules are often found in this way.Soboth simplification and complexing are invovled in the process.The latteris also worthy attention. To sum up,in this era of rapid development of industry and computer,so muchinformation rashes into our daily life,reseach field and so on.We shouldhave the ability of simplification.And the precondition lies in that wehave ability of complexing,which is the fundmental base of simplification.

Southwestairlines Essays - American Brands, OpenTravel Alliance

Southwestairlines HOW IT ALL STARTED Southwest Airlines (SWA) begins in June 18, 1971, when SWA first operated a first airline consul between Houston, Dallas and San Antonio. Rollin King and Herb Kelleher are the founders of the company. The end of 1971 SWA immediately began to expand. In 1972 all Houston service is transferred to Houston's Hobby Airport form Houston Intercontinental, that is make more convenient for people to fly. During the first year of operations the customers were the Southwest's first priority. Five years after the first operated a twin-engine the SWA places its sixth Boeing 737 into service while flying over one and a half million satisfied customers to their destinations. Also at the same year SWA gets clearance to begin spreading to Austin, Corpus Christi, El Paso, Lubbock, and Midland/Odessa. Also, SWA carries its five millionth passengers and SWA becomes the public. SWA stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1978, Herbert Kelleher comes aboard as permanent President, CEO, and Chairman of the Board for SWA. In 1979, SWA introduced in ten cities to self-ticketing machines in ten cities to make it even faster and more convenient for people to fly. Year later SWA added its 22nd Boeing 737 to the family and it was the first 737 to be completely owned by SWA. Furthermore, in 1985 SWA take off with new service to St. Louis, Missouri and Chicago. Moreover, in 1988, SWA becomes Sea World of Texas' official airline, later in the year SWA again becomes the official airline of Sea World of California. Also, SWA wins the first Triple Crown, a prize for airline companies that consist for Best On-Time Record, Best Baggage Handling, and Fewest Customer Complaints. A year later, SWA wins the second Triple Crown. In addition, in 1994 for third, 1995 for fourth, and 1996 for fifth annual Triple Crown. In 1997, SWA begins new service to Islip, New York, and Connecticut. After past twenty-eight busy years SWA is became the fifth largest major airline in the United States. SWA spans over fifty-six airports compare with 1971 only Dallas, Houston and San Antonio. Also, SWA is known in the airlines industry as a quality flight and the most modern fleet. SWA is a service business and it is continuing to improve its services. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW, TRANDS AND OPPORTUNITIES. Air travel slowing industrywide. According to Standard & Poors' Industry Survey, in 1998, air travel for the industry's major carriers was projected to increase 2.9% to 590 billion revenue passenger miles (RPMs). This is somewhat slower than the projected 3.5% gain for real gross domestic product (GDP) in 1998. In 1999, RPMs would advance 2.5% to 605 billion, while real GDP is seen growing 1.7%. The recently sluggish pace for air travel represents a break from the normal pattern: since 1987, air travel has grown 1.8 times faster than real GDP. Two elements are working against air travel at present. First, the industry is experiencing a cyclical slowdown that has its origins in the Asian financial crisis. Second, with the days of deeply discounted fares over, fewer first-time travelers are entering the market. The big swing factor for air travel in 1998 and 1999 will be the international market. International travel accounts for some 27% of total Revenues per mile (RPM) and 22% of revenues for the largest U.S. carriers. For the first eight months of 1998, international RPMs climbed 3.7% over the year-earlier period. However, as capacity grew 5.8%, the load factor deteriorated to 73.7% from 75.2%. Most of the international weakness is confined to Asia, where traffic is off about 8%. While the economic slowdown that's underway may not deteriorate into a recession, it is expected to take its toll on corporate profits. Historically, business travel reflects changes in corporate profits, though sometimes with a lag. In 1997, the Travel Industry Association of America reported that business travel increased 7.6%. Business travel, which accounts for some 40% of enplanements, could lag overall air travel in the future as soaring fares make videoconferencing an attractive alternative. The outlook for vacation and personal travel in 1999 appeared positive. Strong consumer sentiment and a strong dollar are supporting leisure travel, which accounts for about 60% of enplanements. The strength in the consumer sector

ATS-Compatible Resumes Top 20 Tips on Resumes for ATS Systems

ATS-Compatible Resumes Top 20 Tips on Resumes for ATS Systems One of the most popular sessions at The National Resume Writers’ Association Conference last week was Pat Criscito’s presentation on how to write ATS-Compatible Resumes. ATS (or Applicant Tracking Software) systems are used by the majority of companies in this country to determine whom to interview. If your resume does not pass the ATS test, you will not get an interview. Thankfully, how to write an ATS-compatible resume is not a complete mystery. This article will teach you how to sell yourself to an ATS system and get your phone to ring for an interview. KEYWORD TIPS MOST IMPORTANT TIP FIRST: Use keywords that match the keywords in the job description! This means you’ll need to edit your resume for every job you apply for. No joke. I know this task is time-consuming, but it will pay off. Use keywords in context, in your experience section. ATS systems count the number of years of experience you have for the skills the company cares about. If you have â€Å"project management† listed in a bullet under a job where you spent 10 years, you’ll get 10 years of credit for project management. If you list it in a Skills list, you’ll get zero. So even if you have a separate skills list, be sure to include all your skills in your bullets as well! Whenever possible, put your keywords on page one and at the top of subsequent pages if any. They will be ranked higher in these locations. There’s no need to use every possible version of your keywords. ATS systems are so smart that a keyword search automatically finds all relevant words. For example, a search for â€Å"RN† will also recognize â€Å"nurse practitioner† and â€Å"registered nurse†; a search for â€Å"attorney† will capture â€Å"lawyer† and â€Å"general counsel† and â€Å"GC†; and a search for â€Å"finance executive† will find â€Å"CFO† and â€Å"Controller.† The systems are also smart enough not to count â€Å"executive assistant† when searching for an â€Å"executive.† Abbreviations are okay. It doesn’t matter if you insert periods or not, and you don’t need to write things out if they are common. For example, either â€Å"MBA† or â€Å"M.B.A.† is sufficient, without having to write out Masters in Business Administration. If a job description calls for expertise with a specific program, such as MS Word, list the specific program, not just MS Office. And remember to put it in your Experience, not just in a Skills list! FORMATTING TIPS FOR ATS-COMPATIBLE RESUMES You can use any font and style- bold, italics, shading, even white text. All will be read as text. You can submit your resume as a Word or PDF document. In a PDF, any information that is editable in a PDF editor will be read by an ATS system. Don’t use the columns feature. Period. Use tabs instead. And dont use text boxes. They wont be read. Tables are okay ONLY if they have only one row, and if the header and content are in the same column. Never use the format where you have your headers on the left and your content on the right. Here’s an example of an acceptable use of tables: SKILLS Biopharmaceuticals ââ€" ¾ CMOs ââ€" ¾ Market Analysis ââ€" ¾ Contract Negotiation ââ€" ¾ Business Process Creation ââ€" ¾ Manufacturing Operations ââ€" ¾ Logistics ââ€" ¾ Lean Manufacturing ââ€" ¾ ERP ââ€" ¾ Process Automation ââ€" ¾ Quality Control SUMMARY Senior Tech Company Manager with 8 years’ experience in development, manufacture, informatics and licensing of biopharmaceutical equipment technology. Led transformation of small technology firm into mature business, negotiated licensing agreement with multinational ABC, and led due diligence during acquisition by $13B diversified industrial giant XYZ. Put your contact information in the main body of the document on the first page- not in a header! ATS systems do not read headers or footers. It’s advisable to repeat your contact information in a header on the second page, which will not confuse the ATS but will appear nicely if a human prints out and reads the original document. If you have credentials, it’s okay to put them after your name as long as you precede them with a comma. The comma clues the ATS in that your name is complete. So write â€Å"Brenda Bernstein, JD, CMRW,† not â€Å"Brenda Bernstein J.D., CMRW.† Same applies with suffixes like Jr., Sr., or III. Charts and graphs will be ignored. If you have information you want to convey, there’s nothing wrong with using a chart or graph as long as you also convey the same information in your bullets, which will be read. Use more space between major sections that you do between jobs. Be consistent! This will help the ATS figure out what’s what and know when to look for a new job or a new section. It’s okay to list company names, job titles, and dates in any order, as long as they are consistent. Click here to see a sample  of an ATS-compatible resume. TIPS FOR ORGANIZING YOUR INFORMATION Don’t combine several sections together. Use just one word or phrase in each header, and keep them standard: Profile or Summary; Experience or Work History; Education; and Certifications. If you want to insert continuing education courses under the Education section, that’s fine. A â€Å"Skills† section doesn’t have particular value but you can include one. Never omit the dates of your experience. The positions won’t be read or counted for anything. If you’ve held more than one position at a company, list the company name multiple times- once for each position. Otherwise the ATS won’t know how to read the information. One trick you can use is to put the company name in white text so it’s not visible; but if you do this, make sure to insert enough space before the white text that the ATS will know it’s a new position. As a general rule, unless specifically requested to do so, do NOT make the first page of your resume your cover letter. This advice seems not to hold true universally, however. I have a client who applied to a position through LinkedIn Easy Apply using this strategy, and she got a call for an interview the next day. If you have held many short-term jobs, combine them wherever possible. ATS systems are programmed to recognize job hoppers, and you don’t want to be one of them! If you think all these tips will result in an awkward resume that doesn’t look the way you want it to, never fear! You can have two versions of your resume: one â€Å"presentation† version that you can hand out to people or email as an attachment to your network, and another version that you use to submit to online applicant systems. If you apply my top 20 ATS system tips and find you’re getting better results from your online applications, please let me know!

Hypercompetition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hypercompetition - Essay Example Creating and protecting a market position is beneficial if the competition is sparse, or the firm has a unique product that gives them supplier power. However, if a profit is being made on the product, it will attract competitors and innovators will find substitute products (Sull & Escobari 2004 p.15). It may take substantial resources through advertising and customer service to maintain a position in a fluid market (Day & Reibstein 1997 p.52). It may be easier to create a new opportunity than it is to protect an old position. However, new opportunities require resources. Amassing resources can be a definite advantage. However, the value of these resources may erode if other firms can easily acquire them (Day & Reibstein 1997 p.312). A firm needs to evaluate all its resources. Garelli (2006) states, "Competitiveness thrives increasingly on intangible assets that are difficult to value, to account for, to create, and to recover" (p.4). Firms can maximise their competitive edge by utilising their intangible assets as well as they can any other raw material. These resources may be easier to protect than a superior market position. However, in today's hypercompetitive market competitors are quick to take your intangibles such as innovations, employees, and market share. The The signs of hyercompetition are everywhere. In fact, competition has evolved from dirty tricks into criminal behaviour. Global firms such as Proctor and Gamble, Oracle, and Deloitte & Touche have been caught up in scandal in their underhanded attempts to undermine the competition (Grimm 2005 p.7). Competition in the US wireless market has left an industry in paralysis and the world of global products has produced an air of uncertainty (Sull & Escobari 2004 p.17, Woolley 2003). Still, most firms have learned to compete by integrating new strategies to supplement the tried and true theories on creating value. The restructuring of the global economy has demanded that firms not only take every opportunity, but they must create opportunity as well. The goal is, as D'Aveni says, "to upset the equilibrium of the industry, disrupt the status quo, and open opportunities for a new advantage" (1995a p.53). How does a firm reshuffle the product, the market, and the consumer to turn the situation into a competitive advantage To do so it is imperative that the firm understands the nature of hypercompetition. Hypercompetition is a concentrated effort by competitors to create and sustain market instability and to establish an uncertainty of economic conditions (Mittleman 2000 p. 16). By definition it is a rapidly changing environment where there is no long-term sustainability. Firms need to plan for short-term strategies. In D'Aveni's 7S's, he points out two necessary dynamics that a firm will need in a hypercompetitive marketplace; speed and surprise. (1995a p.51). A prolonged strategy of surprise will keep the competitors off balance and the firm will benefit from gaining momentum. Speed can be a valuable asset when getting a new innovation to market. With today's short product life span, the first to enter the market stands to gain. However, with shorter development time costs are driven up, quality suffers, and profits begin to wane (Gibson 1997 p.51). Speed to market may be a short-term necessity, but may not give the

A project is a complex, non-routine, one time effort limited by time, Essay

A project is a complex, non-routine, one time effort limited by time, budget, resources and performance specifications designed to meet customer needs Gray CF & Larson EW - Essay Example If there is a defined process, then standardisation is not a problem. In every software project, standard processes are employed and therefore, these can be standardised. For instance, PMI has created global standards of excellence for project management and so has National Competency Standards for Project Management (NCSPM 2007). Most of these standards are produced on an overall requirement and performance of people across the world. These might not be the ones that one might be able to adapt to their companies. Instead, a standard can be created based on the performance of the company's employees for their own internal requirement. This would ensure that the standards are more attainable and the same can be compared later with the global standards set by others. 2. The primary purpose of project management is to ensure that the customer requirements are met within the budgeted time and cost, in addition to the resources and performance specifications. While this is the target that the project manager would try to meet, there could always be issues which have to be countered by him. The time budget is drawn with the requirement of the customer in mind. The plan for the entire project in terms of time required will be drawn only on the basis of the requirements that the customer brings up. May be the customer or the company's management might bring up a time control in the plan which might make the project manager to recast the plan she has drawn. The time control and the requirements of the customer together will decide on the nature of resources that will be required for the company. Based on the resources that the project manager will employ to meet the requirements and the time limits, the costing budget is drawn. The performance specific ations will be the measure to judge how efficiently the team worked to deliver what was expected out of it, which is nothing but the customer requirements. Therefore, the entire requirements of the customer is the starting point and therefore, when the project manager meets her time schedule, resources, budget and the performance specifications, there will not be any issue in meeting the customer requirements. 3. The time, budget, resources and performance specifications are neither complementary nor competing demands. They are interrelated but not necessarily complementing one another. For instance, the planned time for a project and the constraint of time is related to the resources and the budget. When the resources in the project are increased, there will be a reduction in the time required. Not necessarily a standard mathematical relationship. The reduction may not be proportional to the resources that were employed. The same way, an increase in the time keeping the resources constant will escalate the budget. There could clear relationship between the time, resource and the budget. However, the time increase itself could have been the result of reduced resource availability. In case of performance specifications, these are only measures of the rest of the parameters that make up the project. The project performance ratings that are normally done will be calculated out of the time, bu dget, all resources or specific resources, multiple jobs and then